Figures 6 and 10
Scenario 1
Vanilla, not optimized
vanilla image, optimized
NoHz image, not optimized
NoHz image, optimized
RT image, not optimized
RT image, optimized
Scenario 2
Vanilla, not optimized
vanilla image, optimized
NoHz image, not optimized
NoHz image, optimized
RT image, not optimized
RT image, optimized
Steps to reproduce the taken measurements
OS images
These Images were used for the experiments
DuT (all three Kernel Variants)
Vanilla
Linux machine 5.10.0-10-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.84-1 (2021-12-08) x86_64 GNU/Linux
NoHz
Linux machine 5.10.84-nohz #1 SMP Tue Dec 21 05:07:04 CET 2021 x86_64 GNU/Linux
RT
Linux machine 5.10.0-10-rt-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_RT Debian 5.10.84-1 (2021-12-08) x86_64 GNU/Linux
Debian Bullseye amd64 default privileged from 2022-08-09T19-36-56
For more information see LXC image Server
Linux machine 4.19.0-17-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.194-3 (2021-07-18) x86_64 GNU/Linux
Linux machine 5.10.0-8-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.46-4 (2021-08-03) x86_64 GNU/Linux
Linux machine 5.10.0-8-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.46-4 (2021-08-03) x86_64 GNU/Linux
Setup
LOADGEN=moongen
apt-get update
apt-get install -y libssl-dev
git clone --branch dpdk-19.05 --recurse-submodules --jobs 4 https://github.com/emmericp/MoonGen "$LOADGEN"
cd $LOADGEN/
/root/$LOADGEN/build.sh
/root/$LOADGEN/bind-interfaces.sh
/root/$LOADGEN/setup-hugetlbfs.sh
LOADGEN=moongen
apt-get update
apt-get install -y libssl-dev
git clone --branch dpdk-19.05 --recurse-submodules --jobs 4 https://github.com/emmericp/MoonGen "$LOADGEN"
cd $LOADGEN/
/root/$LOADGEN/build.sh
/root/$LOADGEN/bind-interfaces.sh
/root/$LOADGEN/setup-hugetlbfs.sh
Bootparameter
Optimized
mce=ignore_ce tsc=reliable idle=poll nohz=on audit=0 nosmt console=ttyS0,115200
apparmor=0 amd_iommu=off nohz_full=24,25,26,8,9 rcu_nocbs=24,25,26,8,9
skew_tick=1 irqaffinity=0 intel_pstate=disable nmi_watchdog=0 nosoftlockup
rcu_nocb_poll random.trust_cpu=on intel_idle.max_cstate=0
systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1
Not Optimized
console=ttyS0,115200 apparmor=0 amd_iommu=off systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1
Install general dependencies
for i in $(pgrep rcu[^c]) ; do taskset -pc 0 "$i" ; done
set -x
# Improving performance for the waiting time as we have no hard-drive to wait for
sysctl vm.dirty_ratio=5
sysctl vm.dirty_background_ratio=1
PACKAGES="pip lxc debootstrap python3-lxc ethtool"
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y update --allow-releaseinfo-change
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y install $PACKAGES
# disable apparmor. Apparmor otherwise blocks mounting the rootfs in the containers
aa-teardown
cd /root || exit
git clone https://github.com/tumi8/VirtualLXCBMC
cd virtuallxcbmc || exit
# install dependencies
python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt
# compile project and move the executables to the right locations
python3 setup.py install
# starts the vbmc daemon in the background
vbmcd
Install libmoon Dependencies on Host
GIT_REPO='https://github.com/libmoon/libmoon.git'
GIT_BRANCH='dpdk-19.05'
FORWARDER=libmoon
cd /root
git clone --branch "$GIT_BRANCH" --recurse-submodules --jobs 4 "$GIT_REPO" "$FORWARDER"
cd $FORWARDER/
# build and load igb_uio
cd deps/dpdk-kmods/linux/igb_uio
make
modprobe uio
insmod igb_uio.ko
cd /root/$FORWARDER/deps/dpdk/usertools/
EXTERNAL_INTERFACES="enp33s0f1 enp100s0f1"
IFS=" "
for device_long in $(echo "$EXTERNAL_INTERFACES"); do
device=$(echo "$device_long" | awk -F '_' '{ print $2 }')
python dpdk-devbind.py --bind=igb_uio "$device"
done
unset IFS
# create hugetable on the host. Those hugetables will be passed through to the container
bash /root/$FORWARDER/setup-hugetlbfs.sh
Configure Container and Management Interface
The following requirements apply before the next step:
- A DHCP server for setting the IP address of bridge and container
- a SSH public key under /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
- prepare_container.sh script on the DuT under /root
Optimized
ip link del lxcbr0;
ip link add name br0 type bridge;
sleep 1;
ip link set dev br0 address 52:54:00:00:01;
sleep 1;
ip link set br0 up;
ip link set ens2 master br0;
cat > "/etc/systemd/network/00-management.network" <<-EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=52:54:00:00:01
Name=br0
[Network]
DHCP=yes
[DHCP]
UseDomains=yes
EOF
systemctl restart systemd-networkd;
ip addr del "$(ip addr show dev ens2| awk -F ' *|:' '/inet /')" dev ens2;
apt update;
lxc-create -n container1 -t debian -- --arch amd64 --release bullseye
python3 /root/libmoon/deps/dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py
--bind=igb_uio
$(python /root/libmoon/deps/dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py
--status | grep enp33s0f1 | awk '')
python3 /root/libmoon/deps/dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py
--bind=igb_uio
$(python /root/libmoon/deps/dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py
--status | grep enp100s0f1 | awk '')
MAJOR_ID=${ls -la /dev/uio* | grep uio0 | awk '{print $5}' | sed 's/,//g'}
tee -a /var/lib/lxc/container1/config << END
lxc.net.0.type = veth
lxc.net.0.link = br0
lxc.net.0.name = eth0
lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 52:53:00:00:02
lxc.net.0.flags = up
lxc.mount.auto =
lxc.mount.auto = 'proc:rw sys:rw' 'proc:rw sys:rw'
lxc.cgroup2.devices.allow = 'c $MAJOR_ID:0 rwm' 'c $MAJOR_ID:1 rwm'
lxc.mount.entry = '/dev/uio0 dev/uio0 none bind,create=file' '/dev/uio1 dev/uio1 none bind,create=file'
lxc.mount.entry = '/dev/hugepages dev/hugepages none bind,create=dir 0 0'
'/dev/hugepages dev/hugepages none bind,create=dir 0 0'
lxc.cgroup2.cpuset.cpus = 24-26
lxc.cgroup2.memory.max = 14000000000
lxc.cgroup2.cpuset.cpus.partition = 'root'
END
lxc-start -n container1
# Requires the prepare_container.sh script on the path of this script for execution
cat "prepare_container.sh" | lxc-attach -n container1 -- sh
lxc-attach -n container1 -- /bin/bash -c 'mkdir /root/.ssh'
# For later access the SSH files need to be on the selected location
cat "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys" | lxc-attach -n container1 -- /bin/sh -c
'/bin/cat > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys'
lxc-attach -n container1 -- /bin/bash -c 'systemctl set-property system.slice AllowedCPUs=24;
systemctl set-property init.scope AllowedCPUs=24;'
vbmc add --username ADMIN --password password --port 6001 container1;vbmc start container1
lxc-stop -n container1
lxc-start -n container1
Not Optimized
ip link del lxcbr0;
ip link add name br0 type bridge;
sleep 1;
ip link set dev br0 address 52:54:00:00:01;
sleep 1;
ip link set br0 up;
ip link set ens2 master br0;
cat > "/etc/systemd/network/00-management.network" <<-EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=52:54:00:00:01
Name=br0
[Network]
DHCP=yes
[DHCP]
UseDomains=yes
EOF
systemctl restart systemd-networkd;
ip addr del "$(ip addr show dev ens2| awk -F ' *|:' '/inet /')" dev ens2;
apt update;
lxc-create -n container1 -t debian -- --arch amd64 --release bullseye
python3 /root/libmoon/deps/dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py
--bind=igb_uio
$(python /root/libmoon/deps/dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py
--status | grep enp33s0f1 | awk '')
python3 /root/libmoon/deps/dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py
--bind=igb_uio
$(python /root/libmoon/deps/dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py
--status | grep enp100s0f1 | awk '')
MAJOR_ID=${ls -la /dev/uio* | grep uio0 | awk '{print $5}' | sed 's/,//g'}
tee -a /var/lib/lxc/container1/config << END
lxc.net.0.type = veth
lxc.net.0.link = br0
lxc.net.0.name = eth0
lxc.net.0.hwaddr = 52:53:00:00:02
lxc.net.0.flags = up
lxc.mount.auto =
lxc.mount.auto = 'proc:rw sys:rw' 'proc:rw sys:rw'
lxc.cgroup2.devices.allow = 'c $MAJOR_ID:0 rwm' 'c $MAJOR_ID:1 rwm'
lxc.mount.entry = '/dev/uio0 dev/uio0 none bind,create=file'
'/dev/uio1 dev/uio1 none bind,create=file'
lxc.mount.entry = '/dev/hugepages dev/hugepages none bind,create=dir 0 0' '
/dev/hugepages dev/hugepages none bind,create=dir 0 0'
END
lxc-start -n container1
# Requires the prepare_container.sh script on the path of this script for execution
cat "prepare_container.sh" | lxc-attach -n container1 -- sh
lxc-attach -n container1 -- /bin/bash -c 'mkdir /root/.ssh'
# For later access the SSH files need to be on the selected location
cat "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys" | lxc-attach -n container1 -- /bin/sh -c
'/bin/cat > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys'
vbmc add --username ADMIN --password password --port 6001 container1; vbmc start container1
lxc-stop -n container1
lxc-start -n container1
Optimized
FORWARDER=libmoon
prefix=$(hostname)
# modify dpdk-lua.conf so that it grabs the right cores
cat <<EOF > /root/$FORWARDER/dpdk-conf.lua
DPDKConfig {
cores = 24,25,26,
forceNumaNode = 1,
cli = {
"--file-prefix", "$prefix",
"--socket-mem", "512,512,512,512",
}
}
EOF
Not Optimized
Nothing
ipmitool -I lanplus -H [IP-Adresse] -U ADMIN -P password power on
Experiment
1. Start Forwarder in the container on the DuT:
FORWARDER=libmoon
/root/$FORWARDER/build/libmoon /root/$FORWARDER/examples/l2-forward.lua [PORT_TX] [PORT_RX]
2. Wait for the forwarder to be finished with the start up, then start MoonGen on the LoadGen:
LOADGEN=moongen
/root/$LOADGEN/build/MoonGen /root/$LOADGEN/examples/moonsniff/traffic-gen.lua -x 64 --fix-packetrate [PACKET_RATE]
--packets [PACKET_RATE*1500] --warm-up 30 --flows 10 --burst 1 [PORT_TX] [PORT_RX]
3. After MoonGen on the LoadGen has been started, a few packets are send for warm-up. After those packets, we have a break in the execution of 30 seconds, which should be used to start the packet sniffer on the timestamper to record the measurements:
Timer: Capture Packets using MoonGen
TIMER=moongen
/root/$TIMER/build/MoonGen /root/$TIMER/examples/moonsniff/sniffer.lua [PORT_PRE] [PORT_POST] --capture --time 150 --snaplen 84
4. The timestamper stops automatically after 150 seconds and creates two PCAPs, a latencies-pre.pcap and latencies-post.pcap to the respective side of the evaluation
5. Repeat Steps 2 to 4 for each rate to be analyzed after saving the PCAPs at another place, because they will be overwritten otherwise.
Reproduce Figures and Data
Raw PCAP Data
All sampled RAW PCAP-Data for scenario1 are available under https://doi.org/10.14459/2023mp1718824.
All sampled RAW PCAP-Data for scenario2 are available under https://doi.org/10.14459/2024mp1736868.
Evaluation
apt update
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y postgresql
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y postgresql-client
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y parallel
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y python3-pip
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y texlive-full
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y lbzip2
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y rename
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y zstd
python3 -m pip install pypacker
python3 -m pip install netifaces
python3 -m pip install pylatex
python3 -m pip install matplotlib
python3 -m pip install pandas
python3 -m pip install pyyaml
mkdir /root/results
# Do not use too much as otherwise the evaluation will fail, require a significant amount of disk and memory space
NUM_CORES=4
# Used for the evaluator scripts
git clone https://github.com/AnonymContainer/containierized-low-latency/ /root/containierized-low-latency
# Download PCAPs to /root/results
cd /root/results
Will be available when Double Blind is not necessary anymore due to deanonymization on shared link.
env --chdir /var/lib/postgresql setpriv --init-groups --reuid postgres -- createuser -s root || true
# import and analyze to database
mkdir /root/results/data
cd /root/results/data
parallel -j $NUM_CORES "dropdb --if-exists root{ % }; createdb root{ % };
export PGDATABASE=root{ % };
~/containierized-low-latency/scripts/evaluator/dbscripts/import.sh {};
~/containierized-low-latency/scripts/evaluator/analysis.sh {}"
::: ../latencies-pre.pcap*.zst
# After this under the folder /root/results/data all required CSVs are available
# When using the precompiled CSV data, decompress them first and then put them into /root/results/data for generation of Figures
# Copy required files for plotting
cp -r ~/containierized-low-latency/scripts/evaluator/plotter/* ~/results
cd ~/results
mkdir figures
python3 plotcreator.py figures data .
make -i
# All compiled figures are now available under ~/results/figures
Precompiled CSV Data and Figures
Scenario 1: The precompiled Figures for scenario1 are available for this measurement in the Repository and the precompiled CSVs are available under the following Repository.
Scenario 2: The precompiled Figures for scenario2 are available for this measurement in the Repository and the precompiled CSVs are available under the following Repository.